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Electrocardiogram ECG: The ECG shows the heart’s electrical activity as line tracings on paper. It’s the recording of electrical activity of the heart. ECG is

Functions of the Skeletal System? Support of the body Locomotion Provide protection for internal organs Act as a site for the production of blood cells,

Disorders of blood vessels: Arteriosclerosis: Arteriosclerosis is the thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries. This process gradually restricts the blood

Properties of skeletal muscle: Excitability and irritability: It’s the property of a muscle to respond to a stimulus. If the response occurs in the front

Joint Disorders Arthritis – inflammation of a joint. Characterized by pain, stiffness, and swelling. Over time, the joint can become severely damaged. Osteoarthritis is the

The Cardiac cycle:   the function of the heart is to maintain a constant circulation of blood throughout the body. It acts as a pump

Somatic Nervous System The somatic system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for carrying motor and sensory information both to

Skeletal system  The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones making the human body a multifunctional structure. The skeletal system is composed of Bones,

Respiratory system The Human Respiratory System is a series of organs which facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream and distributes throughout the body

Neuromuscular junction (Myoneural junction) A neuromuscular junction is a synapse between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle. The space between the motor neuron and the

Peripheral Nervous System: The Peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the division of the nervous system containing all the nerves that lie outside of the central

Skeletal Muscle Structure Skeletal muscles are composed of a large number of muscle fibers. Each muscle fiber has no one or more nuclei which lie

Conducting system of the heart Conducting system of the heart: the impulse for cardiac contraction is transmitted through the conduction system of the heart. This

Classification of Bones according to shape Long bones: Long bones are characterized by a long tubular shaft and an articular surface at each end of

Pulmonary Ventilation Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the bronchioles adjust their diameter and help to control the flow of air into the alveoli

Nervous System The nervous system has been divided into two components: The central nervous system which is composed of the brain and the spinal cord,

CHARACTERISTICS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES The four major functional characteristics of skeletal muscle are: Contractility    – The ability to shorten which causes movement of the structures

Cardiac Output The cardiac output is simply the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. Necessarily, the cardiac output is the product of

Bone structure and formation: Bone is the hardest of the connective tissues. Compact bone (Cortical Bone) and Spongy bone (Spongy Bone) are the two types

Lungs Volume The total air volume of the lungs is about 4 to 6 liters and varies with a person’s size, age, gender, and respiratory

The Central Nervous System: The Central Nervous System comprises of the Brain and the Spinal cord: The Brain plays a central role in the control

Muscular tissues can be classified into: Smooth, non-striated or involuntary muscles. Cardiac muscle or myocardium. Skeletal, striated or voluntary muscles. Skeletal muscles: Skeletal muscle comes

Cardiovascular system Humans have a closed circulatory system. You may remember that in a closed system blood is contained within vessels and that the main

Blood pressure (BP) It’s the lateral pressure excreted by blood on blood vessels. It’s normally expressed as arterial pressure. It has 2 phases: Systolic blood