Bio-Mechanism and Yoga What is Flexion in yoga? In yoga, flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts at a joint, typically resulting in a forward bending movement. For example, in seated forward bend (Paschimottanasana), the practitioner sits with their legs extended forward and then bends forward at the hips, bringing the torso toward the legs, decreasing the angle between the torso and legs. This movement is a flexion of the hips and spine. Other examples of flexion in yoga include forward folds, such as standing forward bend (Uttanasana), and knee-to-chest pose (Apanasana). Flexion can help to stretch and lengthen muscles, increase flexibility, and improve posture and alignment. What is Extension in yoga? In yoga, extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts at a joint, typically resulting in a backward bending movement. For example, in upward-facing dog (Urdhva Mukha Svanasana), the practitioner lies face down with their palms and the tops of their feet on the ground, and then lifts their chest and hips upward, extending the spine and creating a backward bend. This movement is an extension of the spine. Other examples of extension in yoga include camel pose (Ustrasana) and cobra pose (Bhujangasana). Extension can help to strengthen and tone muscles, improve posture and alignment, and increase overall flexibility and range of motion. What is Abduction in yoga? In yoga, abduction refers to a movement that takes a body part away from the midline of the body, typically resulting in a lateral movement. For example, in standing forward bend (Uttanasana) with abducted arms, the practitioner stands with their feet hip-distance apart and their arms lifted out to the sides at shoulder height, then bends forward at the hips, bringing their hands to the ground. This movement is an abduction of the arms. Other examples of abduction in yoga include side angle pose (Utthita Parsvakonasana) and warrior II pose (Virabhadrasana II). Abduction can help to stretch and strengthen muscles, increase flexibility, and improve balance and stability. What is Adduction in yoga? In yoga, adduction refers to a movement that brings a body part toward the midline of the body, typically resulting in a medial movement. For example, in tree pose (Vrksasana), the practitioner stands on one leg and brings the sole of the opposite foot to rest on the inner thigh of the standing leg, bringing the foot and leg toward the midline of the body. This movement is an adduction of the leg. Other examples of adduction in yoga include bound angle pose (Baddha Konasana) and eagle pose (Garudasana). Adduction can help to stretch and strengthen muscles, improve balance and stability, and increase overall flexibility and range of motion. What is Supination in yoga? In yoga, supination refers to a movement of the forearm and hand that results in the palm facing upward or forward. For example, in downward-facing dog (Adho Mukha Svanasana), the practitioner begins on their hands and knees, and then lifts their knees off the ground and straightens their legs, pressing their hands and fingers into the ground with their palms facing downward. From there, the practitioner can turn their hands slightly outward and lift their thumbs slightly, resulting in a slight supination of the hands. Other examples of supination in yoga include holding a yoga block with the palm facing upward and holding a cup of tea with the palm facing forward. Supination can help to improve wrist and forearm strength, flexibility, and mobility. What is Pronation in yoga? In yoga, pronation refers to a movement of the forearm and hand that results in the palm facing downward or backward. For example, in plank pose (Phalakasana), the practitioner begins in a push-up position, with their hands directly below their shoulders and their palms facing downward. From there, the practitioner can turn their hands slightly inward, resulting in a slight pronation of the hands. Other examples of pronation in yoga include holding a yoga block with the palm facing downward and holding a tray with the palm facing backward. Pronation can help to improve wrist and forearm strength, flexibility, and mobility. What is Lateral flexion in yoga? In yoga, lateral flexion refers to a movement that bends the spine to the side, typically resulting in a stretching or lengthening of the muscles along the sides of the torso. For example, in extended triangle pose (Utthita Trikonasana), the practitioner stands with their feet wide apart and then stretches one arm overhead and bends the torso to the side, creating a lateral flexion of the spine. Other examples of lateral flexion in yoga include gate pose (Parighasana) and side angle pose (Utthita Parsvakonasana). Lateral flexion can help to stretch and lengthen the muscles along the sides of the torso, improve posture and alignment, and increase overall flexibility and range of motion. What is Medial rotation (internal rotation) in yoga? In yoga, medial rotation, also known as internal rotation, refers to a movement that rotates a body part inward toward the midline of the body. For example, in pigeon pose (Eka Pada Rajakapotasana), the practitioner begins in a seated position with one leg extended behind them and the other leg bent in front of them, with the foot pointing outward. From there, the practitioner can rotate the bent leg inward, toward the midline of the body, resulting in a medial rotation of the hip joint. Other examples of medial rotation in yoga include seated forward fold (Paschimottanasana) with a rotation of the thighs inward and eagle pose (Garudasana) with a rotation of the arms inward. Medial rotation can help to stretch and strengthen the muscles in the hips, thighs, and upper back, improve posture and alignment, and increase overall flexibility and range of motion. What is Lateral rotation (external rotation) in yoga? In yoga, lateral rotation, also known as external rotation, refers to a movement that rotates a body part outward away from the midline of the body. For example, in seated spinal twist (Ardha Matsyendrasana),