Disorders of Heart
Cardiac failure:
It’s a condition in which the myocardium of ventricle is unable to maintain sufficient circulation of blood to meet the needs of the body. Depending on onset it may be classified into:
1- Acute failure: when it’s sudden.
2- Chronic failure: when it’s gradual.
Stenosis of valves: it’s the narrowing of the valves of the heart. In this condition, the edges of the cusps of the valves become rough. So they stick together and narrow the valvular opening.
The incompetence of valves: it’s a functional defect caused by the failure of the valve to close completely. This allows blood to flow back into the ventricle when it relaxes.
Angina pectoris: it’s a pain occurring due to myocardial ischemia. It occurs due to narrowing of coronary arteries. Due to this, physical effort causes severe ischemic pain.
Myocardial infarction: it’s the death of an area of cardiac tissue due to lack of coronary blood supply to the segment of the myocardium. It occurs due to occlusion of the coronary artery.
Cardiac arrhythmia: it’s a disorder in cardiac rate and rhythm. It occurs due to defective impulses formation and defective impulse conduction in the heart.